Doença falciforme e o efeito modulador da vitamina D em crianças: uma revisão integrativa / Sickle cell disease and the modulating effect of vitamin D in children: an integrative review

INTRODUÇÃO: A deficiência de Vitamina D (VD) é frequente na doença falciforme (DF) em decorrência do status inflamatório crônico, danos renais, endoteliais, hiperhemólise e melanodermia. Atualmente, a suplementação desse nutriente em falcêmicos tem se mostrado importante devido sua ação sistêmica e imunológica. OBJETIVOS: Analisar o impacto da VD em crianças com DF. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, onde foram analisados estudos, publicados originalmente em inglês e português, dos últimos dez anos, em humanos, tendo como referência as bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. A busca foi efetuada mediante a consulta ao MeSH. Os descritores utilizados foram: "children"; "vitamin D"; "sickle cell anemia"; "supplementation". Foram identificados 32 artigos a partir da frase de pesquisa. Ao aplicar os critérios de inclusão, nove artigos foram eleitos para o estudo. RESULTADOS: A partir da análise dos artigos incluídos, 6 avaliaram a prevalência da deficiência de VD em crianças com anemia falciforme e os outros três artigos relataram sobre a suplementação de VD em crianças também com anemia falciforme. Todos os estudos mostraram que as crianças tratadas com reposição de VD tiveram uma diminuição de idas ao pronto-socorro e maior estabilidade hemodinâmica durante os tratamentos. CONCLUSÃO: Outros ensaios clínicos randomizados devem ser realizados para identificar o papel da DV na qualidade de vida e na redução da morbidade falciforme. A contribuição deste artigo é reconhecer que há evidências sobre a vitamina D fora dos ensaios clínicos randomizados.

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is frequent in sickle cell disease (SCD) due to chronic inflammatory status, kidney and endothelial damage, hyperhemolysis and melanoderma. Currently, the supplementation of this nutrient in sickle cell patients is important due to its systemic and immunological action. Objectives: To analyze the impact of VD in children with SCD. METHODS: This is an integrative literature review, which analyzed studies, originally published in English and Portuguese, in the last ten years, in humans, using the MedLine, SciELO and LILACS databases as References. The search was performed by consulting the MeSH. The descriptors used were: "children"; "vitamin D"; "sickle cell anemia"; "supplementation". 32 articles were identified from the search phrase. When applying the inclusion criteria, nine articles were chosen for the study. RESULTS: Among the included articles, six evaluated the prevalence of VD deficiency in children with sickle cell anemia, and the other three reported on VD supplementation in children with sickle cell anemia. All studies showed that children treated with VD replacement had a decrease in emergency room visits and greater hemodynamic stability during treatments. CONCLUSION: Further randomized controlled trials should be carried out to identify the role of VD in quality of life and in the reduction of sickle cell morbidity. The contribution of this paper is to recognize that there is evidence about vitamin D outside of randomized controlled trials.

Alterações osteometabólicas em pacientes em tratamento antineoplásico: revisão de escopo / Osteometabolic changes in patients under antineoplastic treatment: scoping review

Objetivo: sintetizar as principais evidências acerca das alterações osteometabólicas presentes nos pacientes em tratamento antineoplásico. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, seguindo a metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs, nas bases de dados PubMed/MedLine, Cochrane Library, LILACS, The British Library e Google Scholar. A revisão está protocolada no Open Science Framework. Resultados: muitos antineoplásicos possuem efeito na arquitetura óssea, reduzindo sua densidade, tais como moduladores seletivos de receptores de estrogênio, inibidores da aromatase, terapia de privação androgênica, e glicocorticoides. Para evitar tais desfechos, o tratamento e prevenção podem ser realizados pela suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D, exercícios físicos, uso de bifosfonatos, denosumab, e moduladores seletivos do receptor de estrogênio. Conclusão: pessoas com maior risco de desenvolver câncer também possuem maior risco de osteopenia e osteoporose, quando processo já estabelecido e em tratamento antineoplásico, devido ao compartilhamento de fatores de risco. Torna-se evidente a necessidade da densitometria óssea nos pacientes em tratamento contra o câncer para de prevenção e promoção de saúde óssea nesses pacientes, além de mais pesquisas com alto nivel de evidência para subsidiar tal uso.

Objective: To summarize the main evidence regarding osteometabolic changes in patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment. Methods: This is a scoping review, following the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute, using PubMed/MedLine, Cochrane Library, LILACS, The British Library, and Google Scholar. This review is registered in the Open Science Framework. Results: Many antineoplastics affect bone architecture by reducing its density, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy, and glucocorticoids. To avoid such outcomes, treatment and prevention can be achieved by calcium and vitamin D supplementation, physical exercise, use of bisphosphonates, denosumab, and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Conclusion: people at a higher risk of developing cancer also have a higher risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis when the process is already established and undergoing antineoplastic treatment because of the grouping of risk factors. The need for bone densitometry in patients undergoing cancer treatment to prevent and promote bone health in these patients is evident, in addition to more research with a high level of evidence to support such use.

VITAMINA D EN LA PREVENCIÓN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA DIABETES MELLITUS / VITAMIN D IN THE PREVENTION AND EVOLUTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Introducción: El déficit de vitamina D y la diabetes son dos situaciones prevalentes en todas las edades, regiones geográficas y niveles socioeconómicos. La presencia de receptores para 1,25(OH)2D y la existencia de la enzima 1-α-hidroxilasa en la célula beta ­que permite la síntesis del metabolito activo­ sugieren que la vitamina D juega un papel importante en dichas células y que su deficiencia podría ser un factor capaz de acelerar el inicio y la evolución de la enfermedad. Objetivos: Se realizó una revisión del tema vitamina D y Diabetes. A su vez, se analizó el rol de la vitamina D en la insulinorresistencia y en la DM2, así como en la autoinmunidad y la DM1. También se indagó en el estado actual sobre los efectos de la suplementación con vitamina D en la prevención, el control glucémico y la evolución de las complicaciones asociadas a esta enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando los buscadores PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Research Gate. Los criterios de búsqueda fueron "vitamin D", "vitamin D and diabetes", "vitamin D and supplementation". Conclusiones: Existe suficiente evidencia acerca de que los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D deberían alcanzar valores entre 30 y 50 ng/ml para influir en las funciones metabólicas. Se enfatiza en la importancia de incluir el dosaje de 25(OH)D en el control clínico de rutina. Teniendo en cuenta la escasa distribución de la vitamina D en los alimentos naturales, el bajo consumo de los alimentos fuente en la población argentina y las recomendaciones actuales de limitar la exposición al sol por el cáncer de piel, emerge como necesario contar con alimentos fortificados de consumo masivo, además de la leche

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes are two prevalent situations in all ages, geographic regions and socioeconomic levels. The presence of receptors for 1,25(OH)2D and the existence of the enzyme 1-α-hydroxylase in the beta cell ­which allows the synthesis of the active metabolite­ suggest that vitamin D plays an important role in these cells and that vitamin deficiency could be a factor that can accelerate the onset and progression of the disease. Objectives: The subject vitamin D and Diabetes was review. The role of vitamin D in insulin resistance and DM2, as well as autoimmunity and DM1, were analyze. We also evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on prevention, glycemic control and evolution of associated complications. Materials and methods: A bibliographic search was carried out using the search engines PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Research Gate. The search criteria were "vitamin D", "vitamin D and diabetes", "vitamin D and supplementation". Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence that blood levels of 25(OH)D should reach values between 30 and 50 ng/ml to influence metabolic functions. The importance of including 25(OH)D dosage in routine clinical control is emphasized. Taking into account the scarce distribution of vitamin D in natural foods, the low consumption of source foods in the Argentine population and the current recommendations to limit sun exposure due to skin cancer, it emerges as necessary to have fortified foods for mass consumption, in addition to milk

Morbilidad de las fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas durante el aislamiento social en la pandemia COVID-19 / Osteoporotic vertebral fractures morbidity during social isolation on COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 afectó negativamente los sistemas de salud. Las fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas y el aislamiento social se relacionan con mayor morbimortalidad. Objetivos: caracterizar la morbilidad de las fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas y evaluar una posible relación entre morbilidad y nivel de aislamiento social se-cundario al estado de pandemia. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Resultados: se incluyeron en el estudio 45 adultos. La fractura fue mayorita-riamente lumbar con una evolución superior de 3 meses. El 35% presentaba seguimiento, el 48% había recibido tratamiento para osteoporosis y el 48% presentaba fracturas previas documentadas. El 46% refirió falta de accesibilidad al sistema. Se evaluó el aisla-miento social con la escala sociofamiliar de Gijón, que evidenció una situación buena en el 75% y un deterioro social intermedio/severo en el 24%. El Índice de Oswestry mostró una discapacidad mínima/moderada en el 66% y severa o mayor en el 33%. Se evaluó el dolor por la Escala análoga visual (VAS) y se obtuvo un VAS mayor de 5 en el 57%. Al comparar el grupo de situación sociofamiliar buena con el de deterioro social intermedio/severo se observó una diferencia en multipli-cidad de fracturas (p 0,030), hipovitaminosis D (p 0,045) y falta de accesibilidad (p 0,029). En discapacidad y dolor no hubo diferencias. Conclusión: el grupo con mayor aislamiento presentó una enfermedad más severa en términos de multiplicidad de fracturas e hipovitaminosis D; esto podría indicar una asociación entre aislamiento social secundario al estado de pandemia y morbilidad por las fracturas vertebrales. (AU)

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on healthcare systems. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures and social isolation have a significant morbidity in our setting. Objectives: to characterize the morbidity of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and evaluate a potential relationship between morbidity and the level of social isolation secondary to the pandemic. Material and methods: observational, analytical and cross-sectional study. Results: forty-five adults were included. Fractures were mostly lumbar with a history of over 3 months. Thirty-five percent (35%) had been followed-up, 48% had been treated for osteoporosis and 48% had previous documented fractures. Forty-six percent (46%) reported lack of accessibility to healthcare. Social isolation was measured using Gijón ́s social-familial evaluation scale, which showed a good situation in 75% of cases and an intermediate/severe social deterioration in 24%. According to the Oswestry index, disability was minimal/moderate in 66% of cases and severe or worse in 33%. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), with a score greater than 5 recorded in 57% of patients. When comparing the group with a good social-familial situation vs. the group with intermediate/severe social deterioration, differences were found in multiplicity of fractures (p 0.030), hypovitaminosis D (p 0.045) and lack of accessibility (p 0.029). No differences were found in disability and pain. Conclusion: the group with higher levels of isolation exhibited more severe disease in terms of multiplicity of fractures and hypovitaminosis D, which might suggest an association between social isolation secondary to the pandemic and morbidity due to vertebral fractures. (AU)

Vitamin D in pregnant women from extreme areas of latitude: review from midwifery / Vitamina D en gestantes en zonas extremas: revisión desde la matronería

Insufficient vitamin D levels occur in 88.1% of the worlds population, which constitutes a global public health problem. We analyzed vitamin D deficiency and suggested vitamin D supplementation in the perinatal health of pregnant women living in geographical areas higher than 40° south-north latitude according to reviews from the last three decades and identifying midwives role. The methodology used was a qualitative systematic review of full text studies, conducted in geographical areas higher than 40°N and 40°S. Descriptors such as: "deficiency", "vitamin D", "pregnancy", "causes", "perinatal outcomes" and "supplementation", and their respective descriptors in Spanish. The matrices were tabulated according to the modified PRISMA. Eight studies were obtained in English from the Northern Hemisphere only, mostly with good quality evidence and related to the role of midwifing according to the expert round. The results showed risks such as: origin of the pregnant woman, ethnicity, low sun exposure, obesity, socioeconomic status, and perinatal risks. No studies were found in pregnant women from the Southern Hemisphere or related to the role of the midwife in this area. In conclusion, midwifery should considerer the social determinants of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women, especially those in extreme southern areas where incorporation of supplementation are suggested as a public policy.

Los niveles insuficientes de vitamina D se dan en el 88,1% de la población mundial, lo que constituye un problema de salud pública global. Se analizó la deficiencia y la sugerencia de suplementación de vitamina D en la salud perinatal de las gestantes residentes en áreas geográficas de latitud 40° sur-norte según revisiones de las últimas tres décadas identificando el rol de la matrona. La metodología utilizada fue una revisión sistemática cualitativa de estudios a texto completo, realizados en áreas geográficas mayores al paralelo 40°N y 40°S. Descriptores como: "deficiencia", "vitamina D", "embarazo", "causas", "resultados perinatales" y "suplementación", y sus respectivos descriptores en español. Las matrices se tabularon según el PRISMA modificado. Se obtuvo ocho estudios en inglés pertenecientes sólo al hemisferio norte, la mayoría con buena calidad de evidencia. Los resultados arrojaron factores como origen de la embarazada, etnia, baja exposición al sol, obesidad, nivel socioeconómico y riesgos perinatales. No se encontraron estudios en mujeres embarazadas del hemisferio sur o relacionados con el papel de la matrona. En conclusión, desde el ejercicio de la matronería se deben considerar los determinantes sociales de las mujeres embarazadas especialmente de zonas extremas del sur donde se sugiere investigación experimental e incorporación de la suplementación como política pública.

Niveles bajos de vitamina D y su efecto en la oseointegración: revisión sistemática / Low levels of vitamin D and effect on osseointegration: a systematic review

Introducción: la vitamina D es una hormona que se sintetiza por células de la piel mediante la luz ultravioleta (UV) y se obtiene a través de la dieta. La relación que se establece entre la deficiencia de vitamina D y el fracaso en injertos óseos o implantes se basa en las alteraciones inmunológicas e inflamatorias debido al vínculo que existe con la inmunidad innata y adaptativa. Objetivo: identificar los factores que se presentan en el periodonto cuando existen niveles bajos de vitamina D y se realizan tratamientos periodontales como injertos óseos e implantes. Material y métodos: se realizó la búsqueda primaria de artículos en bases de datos PubMed y Google Académico (en español e inglés), de acuerdo con las palabras claves: deficiencia, vitamina D, implantología y oseointegración. Resultados: la vitamina D afecta y predispone al rechazo de injertos, ausencia de oseointegración en implantes debido a la inmunomodulación. Conclusión: el éxito del tratamiento se vuelve predecible cuando se encuentran niveles óptimos de vitamina D en conjunto con técnicas de abordaje quirúrgico correctas que permitan generar una integración ideal de los tejidos periodontales (AU)

Introduction: vitamin D is a hormone that is synthesized by skin cells using UV light and consumed through the diet. The relationship established between vitamin D deficiency and the failure of bone grafts or implants is based on immunological and inflammatory alterations due to the intimate link with innate and adaptive immunity. Objective: to identify the factors that occur in the periodontium when there are low levels of vitamin D and periodontal treatments such as bone grafts and implants are performed. Material and methods: a search for articles was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar (Spanish and English). Results: vitamin D affects and predisposes to graft rejection, absence of osseointegration in implants due to immunomodulation. Conclusion: the success of the treatment becomes predictable when optimal levels of vitamin D are found together with the correct surgical approach techniques that allow the generation of an ideal integration of the periodontal tissues.(AU)

Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and nephroblastoma in children and its value in assessing disease prognosis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] and nephroblastoma in children and its value in assessing the prognosis of the disease.@*METHODS@#A total of 50 children with nephroblastoma who were admitted from January 2018 to December 2022 were included as the nephroblastoma group, and according to the postoperative pathological type, they were divided into a good prognosis group with 38 children and a poor prognosis group with 12 children. A total of 50 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period of time served as the healthy control group. The above groups were compared in terms of serum creatinine and 25-(OH)D level. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between serum 25-(OH)D level and therapeutic effect reaction. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors affecting the prognosis of nephroblastoma in children.@*RESULTS@#The nephroblastoma group had significantly lower levels of serum creatinine and 25-(OH)D than the healthy control group (P<0.05). Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had a significantly larger tumor diameter, a significantly higher proportion of children with stage III-IV tumors, a significantly higher rate of tumor metastasis, and significantly lower serum levels of creatinine and 25-(OH)D (P<0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum 25-(OH)D level was negatively correlated with therapeutic effect reaction (rs=-0.685, P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor diameter ≥10 cm, stage III-IV tumors, presence of tumor metastasis, and 25-(OH)D <19 ng/mL were closely associated with the poor prognosis of nephroblastoma in children (P<0.05). Serum 25-(OH)D level had an area under the curve of 0.805 (95%CI: 0.706-0.903, P<0.001) in evaluating the prognosis of nephroblastoma in children, with a Youden index of 0.512, a sensitivity of 0.938, and a specificity of 0.575 at the optimal cut-off value of 1.764 ng/mL.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is a significant correlation between 25-(OH)D level and the prognosis of nephroblastoma in children, and 25-(OH)D can be used for prognosis prediction.

Association of vitamin D levels on the clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Objectives@#This study aimed to compare the severity of COVID-19, inflammatory parameters and clinical outcomes among patients with normal and subnormal levels of Vitamin D.@*Methodology@#This is a retrospective cohort study of 135 patients admitted in a tertiary hospital for COVID-19. Patients were grouped according to their Vitamin D level. Primary outcome measure was the composite of all-cause mortality and morbidity. Other outcome measures determined were the comparison among the groups on the severity of COVID-19 infection, changes in inflammatory parameters, length of hospital stay and duration of respiratory support.@*Results@#There was a significant trend of higher ICU admission (p=0.024), mortality (p=0.006) and poor clinical outcome (p=0.009) among the Vitamin D deficient group. No significant difference was found for most of the inflammatory parameters, duration of hospital stay and respiratory support. Overall, patients with deficient, but not insufficient Vitamin D level had 6 times higher odds of composite poor outcome than those with normal Vitamin D (crude OR=5.18, p=0.003; adjusted OR=6.3, p=0.043).@*Conclusion@#The inverse relationship between Vitamin D level and poor composite outcome observed in our study suggests that low Vitamin D may be a risk factor for poor prognosis among patients admitted for COVID-19.

Vitamin D is associated with a low quality of life: a primary care study

Introduction: Some studies have described impairment in quality of life of vitamin-deficient subjects. However, little is known about this association in primary care. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and quality of life in postmenopausal women attending primary care in the municipality of Santa Maria ­ Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with postmenopausal women over 55 years of age, accompanied in primary care, from March to August 2014. These women were randomly selected among the participants of a cohort study in the municipality of Santa Maria ­ Brazil. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire, quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using the ALPCO® ELISA method. Results: Of the total of 78 studied women, 11.54% had vitamin D deficiency. Women with vitamin D deficiency had a poorer quality of life assessed by SF-36. In the regression analysis, both vitamin D deficiency and falls were independently associated with a lower physical component of the SF-36. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poorer quality of life in the studied postmenopausal women.

Vitamin d levels and lipid profile in patients undergoing bariatric surgery / Níveis de vitamina d e perfil lipídico em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vitamin, mineral, and metabolic deficiencies occur in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery, in the short and long term, and are worrisome intercurrences. AIMS: To evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels with the lipid profile in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Case series of patients assisted from 2010 to 2018, in a private hospital of medium and high complexity, who underwent bariatric surgery using sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass techniques, monitored by the same surgeon. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric data were collected preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 156 individuals, mostly female (75.6%) were monitored. The most frequent comorbidities were hepatic steatosis (76.3%) and hypertension (48.27). Regarding preoperative vitamin D levels, only 18.9% of the population had a satisfactory level (≥30 ng/mL). There was a reduction in weight and an improvement in the lipid profile after surgery. Significant correlations were observed between the lipid profile and vitamin D concentration only in the sample submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique: negative correlation between total cholesterol and vitamin D two years after surgery; positive correlation between triglycerides and vitamin D one year after surgery; and negative correlation between high-density lipoprotein and vitamin D two years post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to routinely monitor vitamin D levels and lipid profile pre- and postoperatively in order to avoid damage associated with this vitamin deficiency.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Deficiências vitamínicas, minerais e metabólicas ocorrem no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica, a curto e longo prazo, sendo intercorrências preocupantes. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação dos níveis séricos de vitamina D com o perfil lipídico, em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Série de casos de pacientes atendidos de 2010 até 2018, em hospital privado de média e alta complexidade, submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica pelas técnicas da gastrectomia vertical e derivação gástrica em Y de Roux, acompanhados pelo mesmo cirurgião. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, dados laboratoriais e antropométricos no pré-operatório, 6 meses, 12 meses e 24 meses após cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 156 indivíduos, maioria sexo feminino (75,6%), comorbidades mais frequentes foram esteatose hepática (76,3%) e hipertensão (48,27). Em relação aos níveis de vitamina D pré-operatórios, apenas 18,9% da população apresentaram níveis satisfatórios (=30 ng/mL). Observou-se redução do peso e melhora do perfil lipídico pós-cirúrgico. Sobre as correlações entre o perfil lipídico e concentração de vitamina D foram observadas correlações significativas apenas na amostra que passou pela técnica cirúrgica derivação gástrica em Y de Roux: correlação negativa entre o colesterol total e vitamina D após 2 anos de cirurgia; correlação positiva entre triglicerídeo e vitamina D 1 ano pós-operatório; e correlação negativa entre HDL e vitamina D 2 anos pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: é essencial acompanhar os níveis de vitamina D e perfil lipídico no pré e pós-operatório de forma rotineira a fim de evitar danos relacionados a deficiência dessa vitamina.

Functionality and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in institutionalized older adults / Funcionalidade e níveis de 25-hidroxivitamina D em idosos institucionalizados

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of hypovitaminosis D among older adults and its association with the level of functionality. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study of older adults residing in a non-profit long-term care facility assessed functionality with the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. Vitamin D levels were classified as: deficient (< 20 ng/mL), insufficient (21-29 ng/mL), or normal (≥ 30 ng/mL). We used the chi-square test and Student's t-test to compare dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. Analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used to assess differences between groups. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 63 individuals whose mean age was 81 (61-113) years: 36 (55.4%) women and 27 (44.6%) men. The mean vitamin D level was 18.6 ng/mL, being < 30 ng/mL in 84.1%. The level was normal in 10 (15.9%), insufficient in 17 (27%), and deficient in 36 (57.1%). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 76.5% of those with total functional dependence (Katz = 5-6). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a high frequency of hypovitaminosis D, especially vitamin D deficiency, which was very common among those with significant functional dependence.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a frequência de hipovitaminose D em idosos de uma instituição filantrópica de longa permanência e sua associação com grau de funcionalidade. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, observacional e analítico de idosos de uma instituição filantrópica de longa permanência. A funcionalidade foi avaliada pela Escala de Katz. Os níveis de vitamina D foram classificados em: deficiência (valores menores que 20 ng/mL); insuficiência (valores entre 21 - 29 ng/mL) e normais (valores igual ou superior a 30 ng/mL). Empregamos teste qui-quadrado e t de student, para compararmos variáveis dicotômicas e contínuas, respectivamente; e análise de variância (ANOVA) com teste post hoc de Tukey, para avaliarmos as diferenças entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e três indivíduos foram analisados com média de idade de 81 anos (61 - 113), sendo 36 (55,4%) mulheres e 27 (44,6%) homens. A média de vitamina D foi 18,6 ng/mL, 84,1% com níveis menores que 30 ng/mL; dez apresentaram níveis normais (15,9%), 17 com insuficiência (27%) e 36 com deficiência (57,1%); ainda, 76,5% dos portadores de dependência funcional total (Katz = 5 - 6) apresentam deficiência de vitamina D. CONCLUSÕES: Observamos uma alta frequência de hipovitaminose D, especialmente deficiência, muito frequentes naqueles com dependência funcional importante

Status de vitamina D e risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica / Vitamin D status and cardiovascular risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica é um conjunto de desordens metabólicas, consideradas fatores de risco cardiovascular. Estima-se que indivíduos com síndrome metabólica apresentam probabilidade três vezes maior de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares. O status inadequado de vitamina D tem apresentado múltiplos mecanismos fisiopatológicos que sugerem um envolvimento no desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre o status de vitamina D e o risco de doenças cardiovasculares em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica. Métodos: Estudo do tipo transversal realizado com 161 indivíduos adultos, diagnosticados com síndrome metabólica. Foram realizadas as medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial, e as análises bioquímicas, incluindo a dosagem de 25(OH)D no soro. O critério estabelecido para classificação do status de 25(OH)D foi deficiente < 20 ng/mL; insuficiente≤ 29 ng/mL e suficiente ≥ 30 ng/mL. Ademais, avaliou-se o risco absoluto de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares usando o Escore de Risco de Framingham. Resultados: A mediana da concentração de 25(OH)D foi 29,7 (21-34) ng/mL, indicando status de 25(OH)D insuficiente na população. Não houve associação entre status de vitamina D e o risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Não se observou associação entre status 25(OH)D inadequado e maior risco cardiovascular nos indivíduos com síndrome metabólica. Entretanto,esses resultados reforçam a importância do monitoramento clínico para prevenir os impactos da hipovitaminose D nos indivíduos com síndrome metabólica e o desenvolvimento de novos estudos para avaliar a relação entre status de 25(OH)D e risco cardiovascular.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a set of metabolic disorders that are considered cardiovascular risk factors. It is estimated that individuals with metabolic syndrome are three times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. Inadequate vitamin D status has shown multiple pathophysiological mechanisms that suggest an involvement in the development of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To evaluate the association between vitamin D status and the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 161 adult individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical analyzes were performed, including serum 25(OH)D status. The established criterion for classifying 25(OH)D status was deficient < 20 ng/mL; insufficient ≤ 29 ng/mL and sufficient ≥ 30 ng/mL. Furthermore, the absolute risk of developing cardiovascular disease was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score. Results: The mean 25(OH)D concentration was 29.7 (21-34) ng/mL, indicating insufficient 25(OH)D status in the population. There was no association between vitamin D status and cardiovascular risk in subjects with metabolic syndrome (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no association between inadequate 25(OH)D status and increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome. However, these results reinforce the importance of clinical monitoring to prevent the impacts of hypovitaminosis D in individuals with metabolic syndrome and the development of new studies to assess the relationship between 25(OH)D status and cardiovascular risk.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory bowel disease in children: A meta-analysis

Background@#Apart from its role in bone health, recent developments have shown that vitamin D also has anti-inflammatory properties, and therefore may have a role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children. @*Objectives@#To determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the disease activity of pediatric patients with IBD. @*Design@#Random-effects meta-analysis @*Data Sources: @#Studies were searched at Cochrane Library, PubMed, EBSCO Host, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online. @*Review Methods@#Experimental studies measuring the effect of vitamin D on the disease activity of pediatric patients with IBD were included. The proportion of disease activity, measured as remission rate or inactivity using Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) or Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI), and the mean and standard deviation of mean serum vitamin D [25(OH)D] level, change in 25(OH)D, and different inflammatory markers [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] were extracted or estimated and recorded in an abstraction form. Standardized mean difference and odds ratio were used as summary effect measures and estimated using Stata/Multiprocessor. @*Results@#The serum 25(OH)D (SMD = 1.75, z = 2.33, p = 0.001) and change in 25(OH)D (SMD = 3.37, z = 2.34, p = 0.019) was significantly higher among those who received a high dose of vitamin D. However, a significantly high heterogeneity was estimated (I2 >50%). For the disease activity of IBD, the standard mean difference of mean ESR (SMD = –1.10, z = 5.35, p = 0.001) was significantly lower with high-dose vitamin D. The likelihood of remission rate using the Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) or Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI), and standardized mean difference of CRP were not significantly different among those who received high-dose and low-dose vitamin D. @*Conclusion@#Cognizant of the functions of vitamin D in enhancing intestinal flora balance, regulating immunologic response, and improving intestinal mucosal barrier, vitamin D can be recommended as a supplementary treatment for IBD among the pediatric population. Nevertheless, there is still insufficient evidence for the cut-off level of adequate levels of serum 25(OH)D among pediatric patients with IBD, thus necessitating further studies.

Suplementación efectiva de vitamina D en pacientes con fractura tibial / Effective vitamin D supplementation in patients with tibial fracture

OBJETIVOS Determinar la prevalencia de déficit de vitamina D, así como evaluar la seguridad y efectividad de un nuevo método de carga con colecalciferol en pacientes adultos con fractura de tibia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se reclutaron a 56 pacientes consecutivos con edades entre 18 y 65 años con fractura de tibia ingresados en nuestro hospital durante 1 año. Se determinó el nivel de 25-hidroxivitamina D ([25(OH)-D]) al ingreso y tras suplementación con 100.000 UI semanales de colecalciferol, durante 3 o 5 semanas, en casos de insuficiencia ([25(OH)-D] entre 20 ng/mL y 29,9 ng/mL) o deficiencia ([25(OH)-D] < 20 ng/mL), respectivamente. Se determinó la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D, el porcentaje de normalización de [25(OH)-D], y los efectos adversos. RESULTADOS Se evaluaron 56 pacientes; 98,2% presentó hipovitaminosis D, y 28 (73,7%) y 10 (26,3%) presentaron déficit e insuficiencia, respectivamente. Tras la suplementación, 92,1% alcanzaron niveles [25(OH)-D] normales. Ningún paciente presentó efectos adversos. DISCUSIÓN La prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en nuestra población fue mayor a la reportada en la literatura. Comprobamos que un esquema de suplementación en altas dosis de vitamina D es seguro, y más efectivo que los previamente recomendados. Este esquema de suplementación puede ser implementado en futuros estudios randomizados. CONCLUSIÓN La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en pacientes adultos chilenos con fractura de tibia fue alta (98,2%). El esquema de suplementación con vitamina D propuesto fue efectivo y seguro.

OBJETIVOS Determinar la prevalencia de déficit de vitamina D, así como evaluar la seguridad y efectividad de un nuevo método de carga con colecalciferol en pacientes adultos con fractura de tibia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se reclutaron a 56 pacientes consecutivos con edades entre 18 y 65 años con fractura de tibia ingresados en nuestro hospital durante 1 año. Se determinó el nivel de 25-hidroxivitamina D ([25(OH)-D]) al ingreso y tras suplementación con 100.000 UI semanales de colecalciferol, durante 3 o 5 semanas, en casos de insuficiencia ([25(OH)-D] entre 20 ng/mL y 29,9 ng/mL) o deficiencia ([25(OH)-D] < 20 ng/mL), respectivamente. Se determinó la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D, el porcentaje de normalización de [25(OH)-D], y los efectos adversos. RESULTADOS Se evaluaron 56 pacientes; 98,2% presentó hipovitaminosis D, y 28 (73,7%) y 10 (26,3%) presentaron déficit e insuficiencia, respectivamente. Tras la suplementación, 92,1% alcanzaron niveles [25(OH)-D] normales. Ningún paciente presentó efectos adversos. DISCUSIÓN La prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en nuestra población fue mayor a la reportada en la literatura. Comprobamos que un esquema de suplementación en altas dosis de vitamina D es seguro, y más efectivo que los previamente recomendados. Este esquema de suplementación puede ser implementado en futuros estudios randomizados. CONCLUSIÓN La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en pacientes adultos chilenos con fractura de tibia fue alta (98,2%). El esquema de suplementación con vitamina D propuesto fue efectivo y seguro.

Riscos de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e COVID-19 em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos / Risks of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 infection in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo avaliar possíveis riscos da associação entre a infecção por SARS-CoV-2 (causa da COVID-19) e as características metabólicas e endócrinas frequentemente encontradas em mulheres com a síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP). A COVID-19 é mais grave em indivíduos com obesidade, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia e hipertensão arterial. Como essas condições são comorbidades comumente associadas à SOP, foi hipotetizado que mulheres com SOP teriam maior risco de adquirir COVID-19 e desenvolver formas clínicas mais graves da doença. Considerando vários estudos epidemiológicos, a presente revisão mostra que mulheres com SOP têm risco 28% a 50% maior de serem infectadas pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 em todas as idades e que, nessas mulheres, a COVID-19 está associada a maiores taxas de hospitalização, morbidade e mortalidade, especialmente naquelas com alterações no metabolismo de carboidratos e lipídios, hiperandrogenemia e aumento do tecido adiposo visceral. Os mecanismos que explicam o maior risco de infecção por COVID-19 em mulheres com SOP são considerados.(AU)

Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to prevent vitamin D deficiency in newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Suplementação de vitamina D durante a gravidez para a prevenção da deficiência de vitamina D em recém-nascidos: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Abstract Objectives: to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on the outcomes of vitamin D concentration in newborns, length at birth, overall health (Apgar), birth weight and maternal vitamin D concentration after childbirth. Methods: this research was conducted in the electronic databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE and Cochrane Library until December 2020, using the terms "vitamin D", "pregnancy", "vitamin D deficiency", "infant", "newborn" and their synonyms. Randomized controlled trials were searched by evaluating the effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation in neonates. The data was analyzed on RevMan 5.4 software and the quality of evidence on GRADE. Results: the newborn's overall health condition was presented as Apgar, with a mean difference (MD) of 0.15 (CI95%=0.06-0.25; p=0.002; I2=0%, two studies, 648 participants, moderate quality evidence) at the first minute and 0.11 (CI95%=0.04-0.17; p=0.001; I2=0%, two studies, 648 participants, moderate quality evidence) at the fifth minute. Significant effects were also presented at the length at birth considering any supplemented dose (MD=0.19; CI95%=0.08-0.30; p=0.0010; I2=0%, 1452 participants, low quality evidence) and birth weight in doses higher than 4000IU/day (MD=257.05 (CI95%=137.81-376.29; p<0.0001; I2=14%, 176 participants, moderate quality evidence). Conclusion: vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy improves serum 25 (OH) D concentration and suggests positive effects on overall health condition, length at birth and birth weight. PROSPERO CRD42017073292.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da suplementação materna de vitamina D durante a gravidez nos desfechos concentração de vitamina D no recém-nascido, comprimento ao nascer, estado geral de saúde (Apgar), peso ao nascer e concentração de vitamina D materna após o nascimento. Métodos: a pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE e Cochrane Library até dezembro de 2020, utilizando os termos "vitamin D", "pregnancy", "vitamin D deficiency", "infant", "newborn" e seus sinônimos. Pesquisou-se por ensaios clínicos randomizados avaliando os efeitos da suplementação materna de vitamina D no neonato. Os dados foram analisados pelo software RevMan 5.4 e a avaliação da qualidade das evidências pelo GRADE. Resultados: o estado geral de saúde do recém-nascido foi apresentado como Apgar, com uma diferença de média (DM) de 0,15 (IC95%=0,06-0,25; p=0,002; I2=0%, dois estudos, 648 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada) para o teste no primeiro minuto e 0,11 (IC95%=0,04-0,17; p=0,001; I2=0%, dois estudos, 648 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada) para quinto minuto. Efeitos significativos também foram apresentados para o comprimento ao nascer em qualquer dose suplementada (DM=0,19 (IC95%=0,08-0,30; p=0,0010; I2=0%, 1452 participantes, evidência de baixa qualidade) e peso ao nascer em doses maiores que 4000UI/dia (DM=257,05 (IC95%=137,81-376,29; p<0,0001; I2=14%, 176 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada). Conclusão: a suplementação de vitamina D durante a gravidez melhora a concentração sérica de 25 (OH)D e sugere apresentar efeitos positivos no estado geral de saúde, comprimento ao nascer e peso ao nascer. PROSPERO CRD42017073292.